كتاب 7 PHONETICS ⏤ Daniel Jurafsky 2021
وصف كتاب 7 PHONETICS ⏤ Daniel Jurafsky 2021
2007م - 1442هـ7 PHONETICSThe debate between the “whole language” and “phonics” methods of teaching reading to children seems at very glance like a purely modern educational debate. Likemany modern debates, however, this one recapitulates an important historical dialectic, in this case in writing systems. The earliest independently-invented writing systems (Sumerian, Chinese, Mayan) were mainly logographic: one symbol representeda whole word. But from the earliest stages we can find, most such systems containelements of syllabic or phonemic writing systems, in which symbols are used to represent the sounds that make up the words. Thus the Sumerian symbol pronounced baand meaning “ration” could also function purely as the sound /ba/. Even modern Chinese, which remains primarily logographic, uses sound-based characters to spell outforeign words. Purely sound-based writing systems, whether syllabic (like Japanesehiragana or katakana), alphabetic (like the Roman alphabet used in this book), or consonantal (like Semitic writing systems), can generally be traced back to these earlylogo-syllabic systems, often as two cultures came together..
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